ALTERNATIVES FOR PRISONS 221
their time in an inclosed institution, an opportunity
for periodic work in the open air.
The inclosed prisons, with the exception of those
reserved for the "isolation" of class enemies while
they are awaiting disposition by the-courts, or for tem-
porary detention of other categories of prisoners,
have been very widely converted into factories. The
industrialization of Soviet prisons is guided by what
the Kremlin terms its "revolutionary utilitarianism-"
In other words the man in prison is made to serve
the state's programme fully as much as the man on
the outside. The industries developed in the prisons
have been harnessed to the five year plans to the same
degree that all other industries are.
Thus the 3000 inmates of the Lianozovo-Kriukovsk
factory-prison on the outskirts of Moscow, in a single
summer produced 30,000,000 bricks which the govern-
ment utilized in its vast construction projects. Pris-
oners with any sort of industrial or mechanical
training are required to perfect themselves in their
special occupation under competent instructors, They
are then organized into "artels'* or gangs and sent
away to work hundreds and sometimes thousands of
miles distant from their original place of detention.
They live in open-air camps in the summer and in
hastily constructed barracks in the winter. It is from
among this class of prisoners that the government
recruits large portions of its section hands, of its
bridge and road builders, of its lumber workers, the